Yaqanjwa ngugqirha waseFransi Gaston Planténgo 1859, iasidi ilothe yaba ibhetri yokuqala etshajwayo kusetyenziso lwezorhwebo.Ngaphandle kokukhula kwayo, ikhemistri ekhokelayo isaqhubeka isetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje.Kukho izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokuthandwa kwayo;iasidi ilothe ixhomekeke kwaye ayibizi kwisiseko sexabiso-nge-watt nganye.Kukho ezinye iibhetri ezimbalwa ezihambisa amandla amaninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi njenge-asidi yelothe, kwaye oku kwenza ukuba ibhetri ingabizi kakhulu kwiimoto, iimoto zegalufa, iiforklift, izixhobo zombane zaselwandle kunye nezingaphazamisekiyo (UPS).
Isakhiwo segridi yebhetri ye-asidi ekhokelayo yenziwe kwi-alloy lead.Ilothe esulungekileyo ithambe kakhulu kwaye ayinakuzixhasa, ngoko ke imiyinge emincinci yezinye iintsimbi zongezwa ukufumana amandla oomatshini kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zombane.Izongezo eziqhelekileyo zi-antimony, i-calcium, i-tin kunye ne-selenium.Ezi bhetri zihlala zaziwa njenge "lead-antimony" kunye ne "lead calcium."
Ukongeza i-antimony kunye ne-tin kuphucula ukukhwela ibhayisekile kodwa oku kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwaye kwandisa imfunolingana.I-calcium inciphisa ukuzikhupha, kodwa ipleyiti ye-lead-calcium enefuthe elisecaleni lokukhula ngenxa ye-oxidation yegridi xa ihlawuliswa kakhulu.Iibhetri zeasidi yelothe yanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-doping agents ezifana ne-selenium, i-cadmium, i-tin kunye ne-arsenic ukuthoba i-antimony kunye nomxholo we-calcium.
I-asidi ye-lead inzima kwaye ayinako ixesha elide kune-nickel- kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-lithium xa i-deep cycle.Ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kubangela ubunzima kwaye umjikelo ngamnye wokukhupha / wokutshaja ubambe ngokusisigxina ibhetri umthamo omncinci womthamo.Le lahleko incinci ngelixa ibhetri ikwimo elungileyo yokusebenza, kodwa ukufiphala kuyanda xa ukusebenza kwehla ukuya kwisiqingatha somthamo wegama.Olu phawu lokuguga lusebenza kuzo zonke iibhetri kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzulu bokukhutshwa, i-asidi ekhokelayo kwizicelo ze-deep-cycle inikezela i-200 ukuya kwi-300 imijikelezo yokukhupha / yokuhlawula.Izizathu eziphambili zobomi bayo obufutshane bomjikelezo yi-grid corrosion kwi-electrode efanelekileyo, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nokwandiswa kwamacwecwe afanelekileyo.Le nto yokuguga ikhawuleza kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo okusebenza kwaye xa utsala imisinga yokukhupha ephezulu.
Ukutshaja ibhetri yeasidi yelothe kulula, kodwa imida yombane echanekileyo kufuneka ijongwe.Ukukhetha umda ophantsi wamandla ombane ukhusela ibhetri, kodwa oku kuvelisa ukusebenza kakubi kwaye kubangela ukugcwala kwe-sulfate kwipleyiti engalunganga.Umda wamandla ombane aphezulu uphucula ukusebenza kodwa wenza ukubola kwegridi kwipleyiti elungileyo.Ngelixa i-sulfation ingatshintshwa ukuba inikwe inkonzo ngexesha, ukubola kusisigxina.
Iasidi yelothe ayiziboleki ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngeentlobo ezininzi, intlawulo epheleleyo ithatha iiyure eziyi-14-16.Ibhetri kufuneka ihlale ikwimo egcweleyo yokutshaja.Intlawulo ephantsi ibangela i-sulfation, imeko ephanga ukusebenza kwebhetri.Ukongeza ikhabhoni kwi-electrode engalunganga kunciphisa le ngxaki kodwa oku kunciphisa amandla athile.
Iasidi yelothe inobude bobomi obuphakathi, kodwa ayixhomekekanga kwinkumbulo njengoko zinjalo iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-nickel, kwaye ukugcinwa kwentlawulo kokona kulungileyo phakathi kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa.Ngelixa i-NiCd ilahlekelwa malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zamandla abo agciniweyo kwiinyanga ezintathu, i-asidi ekhokelayo ikhupha isixa esifanayo ngonyaka omnye.Ibhetri ye-asidi ehamba phambili isebenza kakuhle kumaqondo okushisa abandayo kwaye iphezulu kune-lithium-ion xa isebenza kwiimeko ze-subzero.Ngokutsho kwe-RWTH, i-Aachen, eJamani (2018), ixabiso le-asidi ye-lead ekhukulayo malunga ne-$ 150 nge-kWh, enye yezona zisezantsi kwiibhetri.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-13-2021